Canada’s New Bill Aims to Restrict Asylum Claims: Key Provisions and Implications

A new bill introduced in Canada could significantly alter the process for asylum seekers, making many foreign nationals ineligible to apply for asylum. The proposed changes, outlined in "Bill C-2, An Act respecting certain measures relating to the security of the border between Canada and the United States," entered its first reading on June 3, 2025. If passed, the bill would introduce stricter criteria for asylum claims and grant the government increased powers in immigration and border control matters.

New Restrictions on Asylum Claims

One of the most significant changes in the bill is the restriction on who can claim refugee protection. The bill proposes that foreign nationals who entered Canada after June 24, 2020, and do not make their asylum claim within one year of their entry, will be ineligible to apply for refugee status.

Another key provision of the bill is aimed at individuals who cross the Canada-US land border outside of a port of entry. Under current law, foreign nationals who enter Canada irregularly (e.g., without going through an official border crossing) can still make a refugee claim, as long as they do so at least 14 days after entering Canada. The new bill, however, would make those individuals ineligible for asylum if they crossed outside of an official port of entry.

Retroactive Application of the Bill

If the bill becomes law, these new eligibility restrictions would apply retroactively to any claims made after the bill’s introduction. However, claims made prior to the introduction of the bill would not be subject to these new restrictions.

Increased Government Powers

In addition to the asylum claim restrictions, the bill would grant the Governor in Council significant new powers. These powers would allow the government to take actions such as:

• Preventing certain immigration applications from being accepted for processing.
• Suspending or terminating the processing of specific applications.
• Cancelling, suspending, or modifying immigration documents, or adjusting conditions attached to these documents.
  
  

The bill also expands the government's authority to request individuals to appear before immigration officials for examination.

Greater Disclosure of Personal Information

The bill also includes provisions for increased disclosure of individuals’ personal information to other government departments. This could have implications for privacy and data security for those navigating the immigration process.

Next Steps for the Bill

To become law, Bill C-2 must pass through three readings in Parliament and the Senate. After it has been debated and passed by both chambers, it would then require royal assent before becoming official legislation.

If passed, these changes would have a significant impact on asylum seekers in Canada, particularly those who entered the country recently or through irregular means. As the bill progresses through the legislative process, it will be crucial to stay informed about any further developments and potential impacts on immigration policy.